Chapter 3: First Civilizations

Civilizations began their roots during the Agricultural Revolution, the Agricultural technology allowed people to produce a surplus of supplies to be enough for the large populations.The growing population meant that women in these civilizations had more then one child. In Egypt women were equal to mean. They were able to own land, and slaves. They had the power to sell land make their own wills to sign their own marriage contracts and to initiate a divorce. If this was going on during the early civilizations in Egypt why years later did women have to fight for these type of rights. What was it from this Egyptian civilization that saw women as equal as men were. Inequalities were mainly based on wealth, status and power.

Writing & Power

Writing had the advantage that people didn't have to orally carry on laws, religion, and history. People from the past that had the skill to know how to write they have thought us today what they were feeling and thinking. We then gained a lot of history from that. Writing includes a lot of things that help us understand peoples value's, their self view, and their relationship with the universe, and gods. Their writing also gives us an insight on why they behaved the way they did. Cave paintings was a way to self express and to show some type of message. Ideographic  writing is pictures that represent thing or thoughts. This is an unspoken language this can be understood but a lot of people. It requires a lot of memorization of the different sings. Phonetic writing was basically a particular sign or sound that represents a particular word. Only a few of the sings need to be memorized they are able to be grouped in endless number of sounds that make words to also create new words. Those who masted the writing skill had a lot of power and respect from people. In Egypt "scribes" were exempt from physical labor, taxation, and military services.  Writing possessed the capacity to shape the thoughts of those who didn't know how to write.Illiterate people listened to the readings of edicts, proclamations, laws, or religious texts. One of the first things people committed to do when knowing how to write was their own explanation of the creation of the universe, the world, and human begins.

Chapter 2: First Farmers The Revolutions of Agriculture

In chapter one we talked about the Paleolithic era and how this era was mainly the beginning of agriculture which included hunting and gathering. In this chapter we are talking about we are talking about an agriculture revolution and how people began to deliberate cultivation of particular plants and taming and breeding of particular animals. "Intensification" means getting more for less, more food and resources from such a smaller are of land than was possible with a gathering and hunting technology. Having more food meant having more people meaning societies began to grow. Which meant exploitation of the environment.  
The first area to experience a full agricultural revolution was the Fertile Crescent today this are is known as the Southwest Asia. It also consist of Iraq,Syria, Israel/Palestine and southern turkey.
The expand of agriculture didn't mean easy work. Farming was not an easy job it took much more effort then hunting and gathering did. Evidence shows that some deterioration in health more tooth decay and anemia. Shorter physical stature and short life expectancy. Living close to animals exposed humans to new diseases (smallpox, flu, measles, chicken pox, malaria, tuberculosis and rabies. If only one person got something shortly it spread.

The Need For Water In Ancient Societies

During Ancient times water was much of a need. People couldn't go on long times without water. They knew
that they had to live close to the supply of rivers for themselves and for the crops they began to know how to
grow. They found the need to build canals that went from the water source to the crops.There have been may
methods that have worked and many that caused problems.Pictures didn't really explain how canals where
made  especially they didn't show the tools that were used. Our conclusions were made by the evidence we soon discovered over the years.These people were smart because some of these methods that they invented
are things  that you wouldn't think they would come up with. Some of the methods used people some didn't
include none and some included animals. There was a variety of methods ancients societies came up with a lot
 of them are still being used today in those same cities.  Some of the people in power back then were either
that cared for the people or some that were selfish and just cared about the power they have. Water is
extremely  important it was then and it sure is now.

Chapter 1: First Peoples

    In the early stages of life for humans they needed to learn how to survive. In most cases the early humans started to find a way to hunt and gather food. They were not much of producers of food just yet. They took what food the earth had to offer them d of having the earth produce what they wanted.These people where called the "old stone age" people.
   Africa became the root of everyone. Even if most of us today do not believe it. Evidence shows that Africa was the first place where humans began to inhabit new environments such as forest and deserts.This follows the findings of tools these early homo sapiens used to hunt and gather to survive.
  Migration out of Africa began to head to the Middle East  from there westward and into Europe then eastward into Asia.
  Paleolithic societies were very small they ranged from 25-50 people. Within the group people maintained a close relationship with each-other. The population rate was very low within these societies. The paleolithic's frequently moved around mainly moving around to follow plants and animals they mainly dependent on. Hunting and gathering was low on productivity and with them moving around it make it harder for them to even try to transport goods around from place to place. They did not have no type of formal chiefs, kings, bureaucrats, soldiers, nobles, or priest. These people were completely free. Relationships between women and men were more equal then what societies later on had going on. Facts show that women gather and so did men but women provided with 70% of the daily diet and males only provided 30%. In these days physical competition was mainly among men they frequently had one on one battles in which usually there was blood spilled. People who do the hunting and gathering were called "primitive"